2024-10-102024-10-102023-06-30SILVA, Alana Assunção da. Anatomia da madeira e do carvão vegetal de espécies comerciais da Amazônia brasileira como subsídio para fiscalização e controle de qualidade. Orientadora: Luiz Eduardo de Lima Melo. 2023. 126 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia, Recursos Naturais e Sustentabilidade na Amazônia) - Centro de Ciências Naturais e Tecnologia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 2023.https://portaldaposgraduacao.uepa.br/handle/riuepa/211Fundação Amazônia Paraense de Amparo à Pesquisa - FAPESPAAbertoMadeira - anatomiaMadeira - identificaçãoCarvão vegetal - AmazôniaFlorestas - manejoFlorestas - conservação - AmazôniaConservação florestalFlorestas tropicaisIdentificação anatômicaAlterações morfométricasForest conservationTropical forestsAnatomical identificationMorphometric alterationsDissertaçãoCiências Agrárias::Recursos Florestais e Engenharia FlorestalThe Amazon rainforest has a high diversity of forest species. However, illegal exploitation for timber and charcoal production has contributed to increased deforestation and degradation of natural forests. Measures have been taken to reverse this reality. As part of these efforts, the identification of wood and charcoal has helped to control illegally traded species. In addition, anthracology can provide guidance to improve the production and quality of the bioreductor, since there is great heterogeneity of species and, consequently, of wood quality. In this sense, the objective of this work was to study the wood and charcoal anatomy of fifteen species included in sustainable forest management plans in the Brazilian Amazon. Samples were taken for macroscopic and microscopic identification of wood, macroscopic and microscopic (SEM) of charcoal and for obtaining basic and apparent density. This research was divided into two chapters. The first article describes the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of wood and charcoal to contribute to a database in the anatomical identification of wood and charcoal and to subsidize the illegal inspection of forest species. Diagnosable characteristics such as vessel clusters, axial parenchyma type and in some cases perforation plates, exclusively uniseriate rays were fundamental to subsidize and identify wood and charcoal. This study contributes to the monitoring of the illegal trade of wood and charcoal and contributes to a database and reference collections of charcoal available for research, training and consultancy of forest supervisors, wood anatomist and anthracologist. The second article evaluates the effect of pyrolysis on the anatomical characteristics of secondary xylem in species of different densities and types of axial parenchyma. The analysis of the changes was carried out by means of microscopic anatomy of wood and charcoal. To evaluate the changes in wood after carbonization, mean comparison tests were performed. In addition, a multivariate analysis of species clustering was performed using the principal component analysis technique. After carbonization vessel diameter decreased in 11 species. Vessel frequency increased in most of the individuals analyzed. Gravimetric yield ranged from 31.04 to 39.05%. The species with the highest yields were Manilkara elata, Pouteria oblanceolata and Dinizia excelsa with 39.45%, 36.33%, 36.25% respectively. No pattern of contraction or increase was observed for the quantitative parameters of wood after carbonization, considering medium and high density species and parenchyma abundance. In general, the effect of carbonization was quite variable, even in species of the same genus. Further studies need to be conducted to better understand the effect of carbonization on wood anatomy.PPGTEC - Gestão de recursos agroflorestais